Ferns are a type of non-flowering vascular plant that reproduce via spores. They belong to the division Pteridophyta and are characterized by their feathery or leathery fronds (leaves) that typically unfurl from a central stem. Ferns are found in a wide range of habitats, from tropical rainforests to temperate forests, and even in arid environments. They are known for their ability to thrive in shaded, moist conditions, although some species can tolerate drier environments.